Main article: Demographics of California
The population density of California
Population
Los Angeles is the second most populous city in the U.S. after New York
| Historical population | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1850 | 92,597 | — | |
| 1860 | 379,994 | 310.4% | |
| 1870 | 560,247 | 47.4% | |
| 1880 | 864,694 | 54.3% | |
| 1890 | 1,213,398 | 40.3% | |
| 1900 | 1,485,053 | 22.4% | |
| 1910 | 2,377,549 | 60.1% | |
| 1920 | 3,426,861 | 44.1% | |
| 1930 | 5,677,251 | 65.7% | |
| 1940 | 6,907,387 | 21.7% | |
| 1950 | 10,586,223 | 53.3% | |
| 1960 | 15,717,204 | 48.5% | |
| 1970 | 19,953,134 | 27.0% | |
| 1980 | 23,667,902 | 18.6% | |
| 1990 | 29,760,021 | 25.7% | |
| 2000 | 33,871,648 | 13.8% | |
| 2010 | 37,253,956 | 10.0% | |
| Est. 2016 | 39,250,017 | 5.4% | |
| Sources: 1790–1990, 2000, 2010, 2016[89][90][91] Chart does not include Indigenous population figures. Studies indicate that the Native American population in California in 1850 was close to 150,000 before declining to 15,000 by 1900.[4][51][92] |
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California is the 2nd-most populous subnational entity in the Western Hemisphere and the Americas, with a population second to that of the state of São Paulo in Brazil.[96] California's population is greater than that of all but 34 countries of the world.[97][98] The Greater Los Angeles Area is the 2nd-largest metropolitan area in the United States, after the New York metropolitan area, while Los Angeles, with nearly half the population of New York, is the 2nd-largest city in the United States. Also, Los Angeles County has held the title of most populous United States county for decades, and it alone is more populous than 42 United States states.[99][100] Including Los Angeles, four of the top 15 most populous cities in the U.S. are in California: Los Angeles (2nd), San Diego (8th), San Jose (10th), and San Francisco (13th). The center of population of California is located in the town of Buttonwillow, Kern County.[note 1]
Population centers
See also: List of cities and towns in California and List of largest California cities by population
The state has 482 incorporated
cities and towns; of which 460 are cities and 22 are towns. Under
California law, the terms "city" and "town" are explicitly
interchangeable; the name of an incorporated municipality in the state
can either be "City of (Name)" or "Town of (Name)".[102]Sacramento became California's first incorporated city on February 27, 1850.[103] San Jose, San Diego and Benicia tied for California's second incorporated city, each receiving incorporation on March 27, 1850.[104][105][106] Jurupa Valley became the state's most recent and 482nd incorporated municipality on July 1, 2011.[107][108]
The majority of these cities and towns are within one of five metropolitan areas: the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area, the San Francisco Bay Area, the Riverside-San Bernardino Area, the San Diego metropolitan area and the Sacramento metropolitan area.
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Name | County | Pop. | ||||||
 Los Angeles  San Diego |
1 | Los Angeles | Los Angeles | 3,971,883 |  San Jose  San Francisco |
||||
| 2 | San Diego | San Diego | 1,394,928 | ||||||
| 3 | San Jose | Santa Clara | 1,026,908 | ||||||
| 4 | San Francisco | San Francisco | 864,816 | ||||||
| 5 | Fresno | Fresno | 520,052 | ||||||
| 6 | Sacramento | Sacramento | 490,712 | ||||||
| 7 | Long Beach | Los Angeles | 474,140 | ||||||
| 8 | Oakland | Alameda | 419,267 | ||||||
| 9 | Bakersfield | Kern | 373,640 | ||||||
| 10 | Anaheim | Orange | 350,742 | ||||||
Migration
Starting in the year 2010, for the first time since the California Gold Rush, California-born residents make up the majority of the state's population.[110] Along with the rest of the United States, California's immigration pattern has also shifted over the course of the late 2000s-early 2010s.[111] Immigration from Latin American countries has dropped significantly with most immigrants now coming from Asia.[112] In total for 2011, there were 277,304 immigrants. 57% came from Asian countries vs. 22% from Latin American countries.[112] Net immigration from Mexico, previously the most common country of origin for new immigrants has dropped to zero/less than zero, since more Mexican nationals are departing for their home country than immigrating.[111] As a result it is estimated that Hispanic citizens will constitute 49% of the population by 2060, instead of the previously projected 2050, due primarily to domestic births.[111][113]The state's population of undocumented immigrants has been shrinking in recent years, due to increased enforcement and decreased job opportunities for lower-skilled workers.[114] The number of migrants arrested attempting to cross the Mexican border in the Southwest plunged from a high of 1.1 million in 2005 to just 367,000 in 2011.[115] Despite these recent trends, illegal aliens constituted an estimated 7.3 percent of the state's population, the third highest percentage of any state in the country,[116][note 2] totaling nearly 2.6 million.[117] In particular, illegal immigrants tended to be concentrated in Los Angeles, Monterey, San Benito, Imperial, and Napa Counties – the latter four of which have significant agricultural industries that depend on manual labor.[118] More than half of illegal immigrants originate from Mexico.[117]
LGBT
 |
This section may lend undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. (August 2014) |
Main articles: LGBT rights in California and LGBT history in California
Pro- and anti-Proposition 8 protesters clash at a rally in front of San Francisco City Hall.
National origins
According to the United States Census Bureau in 2015 the population self-identifies as (alone or in combination):[119]- 72.9% White
- 14.7% Asian
- 6.5% Black or African American
- 3.8% Two or More Races
- 1.7% Native American and Alaska Native
- 0.5% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
As of 2011, 75.1% of California's population younger than age 1 were minorities, meaning that they had at least one parent who was not non-Hispanic white (white Hispanics are counted as minorities).[120]
In terms of total numbers, California has the largest population of White Americans in the United States, an estimated 22,200,000 residents. The state has the 5th largest population of African Americans in the United States, an estimated 2,250,000 residents. California's Asian American population is estimated at 4.4 million, constituting a third of the nation's total. California's Native American population of 285,000 is the most of any state.[121]
According to estimates from 2011, California has the largest minority population in the United States by numbers, making up 60% of the state population.[91] Over the past 25 years, the population of non-Hispanic whites has declined, while Hispanic and Asian populations have grown. Between 1970 and 2011, non-Hispanic whites declined from 80% of the State's population to 40%, while Hispanics grew from 32% in 2000 to 38% in 2011.[122] It is currently projected that Hispanics will rise to 49% of the population by 2060, primarily due to domestic births rather than immigration.[113] With the decline of immigration from Latin America, Asian Americans now constitute the fastest growing racial/ethnic group in California; this growth primarily driven by immigration from China, India and the Philippines, respectively.[123]
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Languages
| [show]Language | Percentage of population (as of 2010)[128] |
|---|
In total, 16 languages other than English were spoken as primary languages at home by more than 100,000 persons, more than any other state in the nation. New York State, in second place, had 9 languages other than English spoken by more than 100,000 persons.[132] The most common language spoken besides English was Spanish, spoken by 28.46% (9,696,638) of the population.[113][111] With Asia contributing most of California's new immigrants, California had the highest concentration nationwide of Vietnamese and Chinese speakers, the second highest concentration of Korean, and the third highest concentration of Tagalog speakers.[2]
California has historically been one of the most linguistically diverse areas in the world, with more than 70 indigenous languages derived from 64 root languages in 6 language families.[133][134] A survey conducted between 2007 and 2009 identified 23 different indigenous languages of Mexico that are spoken among California farmworkers.[135] All of California's indigenous languages are endangered, although there are now efforts toward language revitalization.[note 3]
As a result of the state's increasing diversity and migration from other areas across the country and around the globe, linguists began noticing a noteworthy set of emerging characteristics of spoken English in California since the late 20th century. This dialect, known as California English, has a vowel shift and several other phonological processes that are different from the dialects used in other regions of the country.[136]
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